Case inflection of nouns
Declension

Icelandic nouns, adjectives, pronouns and the first four numbers
are inflected in four cases, nominative, accusative, dative and genitive,
as well as in singular and plural.

Singular:
 Example: Male words ending with -ur  Example: 
Female words 		 Example: 
Neutral words
Nominative
 hestur (a horse) bók (a book) land (land/a country)
Accusative
 hest bók land
Dative
 hesti bók landi
Genitive
 hests bókar lands
Plural:
Nominative
 hestar bækur lönd
Accusative
 hesta bækur lönd
Dative
 hestum bókum löndum
Genitive
 hesta bóka landa
Female exercise
Male execise
Neutral execise
Why?
Nominative:
Accusative
Dative
Genitive
Prepositions are the
cause of 
declination
of the
following word
  
Words who follow the prepositions
um (about)and við (with)
are in the accusative case
Words who follow 
að (at) af (off) frá (from) handa (for) and hjá (with)
are in the dative case
Words who follow til (to)
án (without) vegna (because of) and milli (between) are in the genitive case
The case of
a word is decided by its syntactic role in the sentence.
The subject in a sentence is generally in the nominative case.
The direct objekt in a sentence is generally in the accusative case
A receiving object, an instrumental or an auxiliary object is generally in the dative case
The owner of an object is in the genitive case.
The case of a word is decided by 
a verb.
A noun following the verbs er (is), or heitir
(is called) 
is in the nominative case.
A noun following the verbs 
eiga (own) 
fá (get) 
gera (do) 
sjá (see) 
vanta (need)  hitta (meet) vilja (want) borða (eat) drekka (drink) elska (love) finna (find) hata (hate) kaupa (buy) lesa (read) opna (open) skrifa (write) þurfa (need) are in the accusative case
A noun following the verbs:
gleyma (forget) hjálpa (help) kasta (throw) loka (close) mæta (meet)
ná (reach) 
týna (loose)  are in the dative case

 
A noun following the verbs: bíða (wait for) gæta (watch) krefjast (demand) óska (wish) sakna (miss) are in the genitive case 
Nominative exercise
Accusative exercise
Dative 
exercise
Genitive 
exercise

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